The role and importance of DNA methylation in spermatogenesis process

Background: DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic marks that are created by de novo DNA methylation and be maintained through cell division. This process is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases. DNA methylation establishment in germ line is important, since they have the potential to regulate gene expression in offspring and improper DNA methylation patterns in germ lines has serious consequences on development post fertilization. Dysregulation in epigenetic changes, especially sperm DNA methylation, may play an important role in the development of numerous diseases and has a negative effect on male fertility. The aim of this review study was to discuss about DNA methylation process and enzymes involved in this procedure and also the impact of environmental factors on the spermatogenesis process. Materials and methods: A search was conducted according to keywords in databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. Then, all articles that met the inclusion criteria, between 1975 and 2017, were examined. Results: Disorders in expression of DNA methyltransferases increase cellular oxidative stress and lifestyle can affect DNA methylation patterns during spermatogenesis and fertility potential in men. Conclusion: As sperm DNA methylation is closely related to male infertility, it is important to understand underlying DNA methylation mechanisms in order to develop therapeutic strategies